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thermal – Progress in Research

Electric vehicles: towards environmentally sustainable air conditioning

Increasing the autonomy of electric vehicles in winter through advanced thermal energy storage technology that reduces the amount of energy used for air conditioning in the passenger compartment during colder months: this is the main objective of the PRIN project “Air Conditioning of Electric Vehicles by Sorption Thermal Energy Storage technology” (ACE-STES), financed by the Ministry for Universities and Research and led by Politecnico di Milano in collaboration with CNR-ICCOM and the University of Messina.

Currently, it is estimated that up to 50% of the energy stored in electric vehicle batteries is used during winter for passenger compartment air conditioning. ACE-STES aims to develop innovative thermal storage systems using adsorbents. These systems provide a continuous supply of warm, dry air to heat the passenger compartment and prevent window fogging, thus significantly improving the autonomy of vehicles in winter.

With the ACE-STES project, we are forging new pathways in electric vehicle air conditioning, contributing to more sustainable and efficient mobility solutions

Prof. Stefano De Antonellis, lecturer in the Department of Energy at Politecnico di Milano and project coordinator

The system proposed by the ACE-STES project, called TES (Thermal Energy Storage), has already been recognised as the winner of the 2022 edition of Switch2Product — the programme that celebrates innovative solutions, new technologies and business ideas proposed by teams from the Politecnico di Milano ecosystem — and has been the focus of a patent application. 

Muspell project to pioneer next-gen thermal energy storage system

The consortium comprising of Swisspod Technologies, EURAC Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems, the National Institute of Chemistry in Slovenia, the Politecnico di Milano and the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya has received a €3.5M Pathfinder grant by the European Innovation Council (EIC): €3.1 million by the European Commission, supplemented by an additional €400,000 contribution from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research, and Innovation (SERI).

The funding will drive the development of the Muspell project, a novel, state-of-the-art Thermal Energy Storage System (TESS) — an important component of a sustainable and reliable energy system. The project has commenced in October 2023 and is set to span a duration of 4 years.

Muspell aims to introduce to the market a more efficient mid-to-long term TESS, transcending the limitations of current available systems. By adopting an innovative approach grounded in material research, the consortium sets out to engineer a compact, highly flexible and modular system that offers increased energy density and seamless integration of heat-pump capabilities. The novel TESS will unlock new avenues of application across energy-intensive industries — from manufacturing, textile, food processing, and construction materials, to transportation, energy and environmental services industries.

A TESS allows for efficient storage and usage of thermal energy, providing flexibility, energy management, cost savings, as well as environmental benefits as it can integrate renewable energy sources. The operation of this system involves receiving thermal energy input from various sources like waste/excess heat, solar thermal collectors, electricity, and storing it in a suitable medium, such as a thermo-chemical or a phase-change material. When the stored energy is needed, the TESS transfers it to the desired application at the required temperature level.

This groundbreaking initiative aligns with multiple Sustainable Development Goals, facilitating access to clean energy while simultaneously mitigating the carbon footprint associated with various industries. By emphasizing material development and optimization, as well as system level innovation, the project is committed to achieving high performance while minimizing environmental impact to the greatest extent possible.

The novel TESS will also serve as a cutting-edge thermal battery, enabling the efficient capture, storage, and usage of waste heat generated during industrial processes. Thus, the system not only curtails energy waste, but also mitigates the environmental impact associated with greenhouse gas emissions.

The Politecnico di Milano leverages its expertise in innovation and technology management to prioritize energy efficiency, technological assessment, and renewable solutions for the industrial sector. In collaboration with Swisspod and EURAC Research, we are going to conduct interviews and gather market insights on the application scenarios of TESS, while analyzing the system’s integration into a broader ecosystem.

Polimi considers it extremely important to perform an analysis on the potential markets of the technology that Consortium is going to develop. The activity aims at analyzing technological and economic fit of the TESS in different application sectors as well as evaluating its environmental and economic impacts.

Simone Franzò, Senior Assistant Professor

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