moon – Politecnico di Milano – Progress in Research

Oxygen from lunar regolith

Posted on 31/07/202313/09/2023 by admin

Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and Politecnico di Milano have signed an agreement concerning the ambitious project to develop and validate one of the key technologies to enable long-term human presence on our natural satellite. The ORACLE (Oxygen Retrieval Asset by Carbothermal-reduction in Lunar Environment) project is aimed at extracting oxygen from the lunar regolith, the fragmented rock that cover the surface of the Moon, according to a process already studied in the laboratory by the ASTRA group of Politecnico di Milano.

Now, under the guidance of ASI, a validation in the target operational environment, i.e., the surface of the Moon, is to be implemented by the end of this decade.

In Situ Resources Utilisation, i.e., the on-site extraction and exploitation of resources, is a key capability for sustainable exploration such as the one we are planning for the Moon. In this sense, we expect the ORACLE to be of global interest in a future perspective and to enable Italy, among the first in the world, to hold a strategic technology. In this new season of return to the Moon, our country is making the best preparations to participate, and ORACLE will give us the opportunity to consolidate our leading role in large-scale programmes such as Artemis.
Raffaele Mugnuolo, Head of the ASI’s Exploration, Orbiting and Surface Infrastructures and Scientific Satellites Unit

With this agreement, ASI and Politecnico undertake to collaborate right from the initial stages in the design and definition of the interface aspects of the lander that will host a preliminary version of the system. In the upcoming years development activities will be carried out that will be entrusted to an industrial partner. The goal is to build a demonstrator that can be launched by 2028 making use of one of the commercial flight opportunities among those currently under development in several countries.

The ORACLE project represents a virtuous path of research and technological development that demonstrates how innovation can be realised through the synergetic actions of complementary worlds such as the University, ASI and, in the future, the national industrial sector. ORACLE further confirms that the collaboration between the two institutions in the aerospace field creates opportunities to put the technical skills and research of Politecnico di Milano at the service of consolidating Italy’s role in such a strategic sector worldwide. The challenge is considerable, and just as intense are the motivation and enthusiasm of the team that will actively work for the return to the Moon, which is a unique historical moment in the space exploration scenario and follows up on the results obtained in the laboratory to produce the first lunar water droplet ‘on-site’.
Michèle Lavagna, Scientific Project Co-ordinator Project for Politecnico di Milano

LUMIO mission: Politecnico leads phase B

Posted on 07/11/202208/11/2022 by admin

Politecnico di Milano and the European Space Agency (ESA) have signed the contract for the development of the Phase B study of the LUMIO mission (Lunar Meteoroid Impacts Observer). After a successful Phase A carried out in 2020-2021, the Phase B has been kicked off on September 28th, 2022, and will last 12 months.

The study will be led by the DART group at the Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, and has the objective of consolidating the mission design and the CubeSat platform/payload design.

LUMIO is framed within ESA’s GSTP, and has received support from the national delegations of Italy (ASI) and Norway (NOSA).

The European consortium for the LUMIO mission is constituted by Politecnico di Milano, Argotec, Leonardo, IMT, Nautilus, and S&T Norway.

Our university is leading the consortium and will be responsible for the LUMIO mission analysis, guidance, navigation, and control system, autonomous navigation experiment, scientific elaboration of mission data, and the management of the project.

Argotec will lead the CubeSat system design, Leonardo will be responsible for the LUMIO-Cam payload design, IMT will develop the X-band transponder and the solar array drive mechanism, and Nautilus will design the ground segment and the flight dynamics operations. Moreover, S&T Norway will be responsible for the on-board payload data processing unit design to process the data gathered by the LUMIO-Cam.

LUMIO is a 12 units CubeSat, which means that it has a dimension of approximately 20x20x30 cm with a mass of around 25 kg. The miniaturized satellite will fly on a sophisticated orbit about the lagrangian point L2 of the Earth-Moon system.

The objective is monitoring the far side of the Moon to detect light flashes associated to meteoroid impacts. This is to complement data gathered by Earth-based observatories and to refine the meteoroid flux models hitting the Earth-Moon system. The high frame-rate images acquired by the LUMIO-Cam will be processed in real time and onboard to detect the light flashes due to the impacts and they will be downloaded on ground for further elaboration.

Producing water from lunar soil

Posted on 01/07/202111/10/2021 by admin

Politecnico di Milano and OHB Italia have conducted a series of experiments confirming the possibility of producing water on the Moon’s surface using a chemical/physical process that extracts oxygen from regolith (lunar soil).

The tests form part of the mission to demonstrate In-Situ Resource Utilisation (ISRU) on the Moon, a project developed and financed by ESA, the European Space Agency, with the significant contribution of ASI, the Italian Space Agency, for which OHB Italia serves as Prime Contractor. This long-term programme for Man’s colonisation of the Moon involves the on-site use of lunar resources.

The research group, led by Professor Michèle Lavagna, uses a prototype system built and installed in the laboratories of the Department of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies of the Politecnico, drawing on the different skills available at the University and on the system capabilities of OHB Italia.

By feeding the system sand that simulates the polar lunar soil, it has been possible to produce the expected amount of water, extracting oxygen from the oxides present in the minerals that make up the soil of our satellite.

The ability to produce water on site, and therefore oxygen and hydrogen, represents a key step for the next human missions on our satellite, as these are fundamental elements for supporting the life of a crew for prolonged periods of time. This production capacity, moreover, frees future lunar bases from the use of open-loop systems that require continuous supply from Earth, thus simplifying logistics and reducing costs related to the transport of materials.